Other local government models

Because of the lack of material available on family-centred communities, the study explored the literature on other models which seek to promote wellbeing at a local government level. These models may be of use in developing a family-centred community model or initiative.

The review sought components of these models which could be transferred to a family-centred model.

The paper only examined models delivered in New Zealand, and seeks to influence council decision-making.

This paper provides a summary of the consistent themes which emerged from models:

healthy cities
child-friendly cities
age-friendly cities
safe communities
liveable communities.

A summary of each model is provided in the appendix.

A number of themes relating to the processes that need to be adopted emerged:

Community engagement – The literature suggested that there was a need to seek community participation from the outset. It also noted that it was important to recognise community members’ knowledge of the history and demographics of their area, even if they do not have technical training or academic degrees. The literature also argued that community members have a right to participate in decisions affecting their lives, regardless of expertise.
Coalition-building – The literature highlighted the advantages of bringing together previously competing, overlapping and disconnected local agencies to foster relationships.
Tackling inequalities – The literature noted that inequalities continue to be a major challenge for communities. It argued that to improve health and wellbeing local government needs to address socio-economic equalities and target initiatives at the most vulnerable. It suggested that reducing economic, social and political exclusion should be a priority for local government.
Responsiveness to diverse groups – The literature observed that needs, abilities and interests of families vary widely with age, gender, culture and life opportunity. It argued that it is important to ensure interventions are gender-, culture- and age-appropriate, and that they cater for people with different abilities and disabilities.
Holistic approach – The literature suggested that economic change, physical development and social processes should be considered jointly – for example, planning of physical land use should be linked to social development and social services.
Evidence base – The literature emphasised the need to improve information and data to inform policy-makers and the public better.

Some themes also emerged from the review of the literature on other models regarding the services provided by councils:

Service access – The literature suggested that there was a need to ensure essential services and facilities – such as child care, and community and recreational facilities – are available and accessible. It also noted that there was a need for a wide range of culture, leisure and recreation activities.
Urban planning – The literature argues that the scale and form of the built environment should be responsive to people’s needs and aspirations. It advocated for the creation of a physical environment that is relatively free from nuisance, overcrowding, noise, danger and pollution. It also promoted the availability of public and private places that cater for all sections of the population and that provide for a diverse range of activities and experiences.
Core infrastructure – The literature noted that local government utilities such as water and sewage reticulation historically contributed towards large improvements in health and wellbeing. It argued that the maintenance of these services and continuing infrastructure development are essential. It also suggested that ensuring that such facilities are accessible and affordable is important.